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it's all about the earth and what we can

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learn about it from the international

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space station hi i'm nasa astronaut

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welcome back this month on station life

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we're going to highlight the

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international space station as a

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platform for studying the earth and take

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a behind the scenes look at what it's

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like to live and work aboard the

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international space station

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you know they say a picture is worth a

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thousand words the first pictures taken

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by humans from space forever change the

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way we view ourselves and our world if

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you've ever flown on an airplane in the

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window seat you know the natural desire

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to stare out the window well aboard the

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international space station one of our

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favorite things to do during our off

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time is to stare at the beauty of our

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take a moment every day to look out the

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window and appreciate where you are

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literally watch the earth go by

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we're going around the earth once every

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90 minutes

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so you see a sunrise and a sunset every

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hour and a half it's just so vast and so

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vibrant in color and so and so so much

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contrast between the black

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that

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it kind of overwhelms you at first don't

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just look out the window during the day

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go for the the times between day and

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night and then night and day

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and take some time to look out into the

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universe at night time because that's

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when you can really see all the stars

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and you can see that the stars are not

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only

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like in a planetarium where they're sort

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of in a 2d field they're actually 3d and

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some are farther than others but you

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could see the blues and the oranges and

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the reds and the whites and the yellows

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and really see

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more color about the stars which

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indicates more about where they are in

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their life cycle what kind of things

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they're burning and doing and you would

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think that

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you'd get tired of looking out the

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window

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like i said before a picture's worth a

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thousand words but in the case of

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international space station imagery a

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picture could also be worth a thousand

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lives

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an imaging system aboard the station

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called environmental research and

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visualization system i serve

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captured photographs of earth from space

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for use in developing countries affected

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by natural disasters

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this is yet another way the orbiting

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laboratory is serving humanity off the

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servir is a joint nasa and usaid program

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where we're working with developing

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countries around the world and

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strengthening their ability to use

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satellites to address the many problems

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that they have including floods fires

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harmful algal blooms and other types of

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events that they have where they can use

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satellites to really make better

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decisions we're using space information

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to have decisions that affect people in

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the village where they live when there's

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a major disaster governments around the

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world come together

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and they

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they provide all the satellite data

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basically that the world has to offer

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but they're smaller disasters that that

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occur in the countries that we work in

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that may not make the front page of the

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new york times but in that country it's

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a really big deal we asked ourselves

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could we make a difference if we had a

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dedicated imager

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for acquiring imagery quickly after

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natural disasters and to be able to

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provide that imagery back to the

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countries that need them that have

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real decisions that need to be made with

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a very quick turnaround as nasa we

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looked in our own backyard and

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started thinking could we use the

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the international space station was

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really fantastic asset to take advantage

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of because it it passes over 90 percent

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of the earth's populated area every 24

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hours we developed an imaging system and

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we called it iserv which basically is a

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a camera and a telescope system that

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sits inside the international space

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station and can collect imagery when it

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passes over natural disasters or other

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events that we need to collect imagery

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initially we were planning to take few

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pictures per day so we contacted all the

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us admissions around the world and in

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total we had more than 2 000 requests

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coming you know for people who need

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images from isil

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and we moved to like 1000 images per day

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we provided i serve imagery for many

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many natural disasters including floods

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and fires for deforestation for volcanic

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eruptions for earthquakes so it was

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really a fantastic example showing

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how imagery from the international space

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station could be used in these times of

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dire need and now we have a huge

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archives of images of areas around the

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world

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so this is something that was not really

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there before i serve is an example of in

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essence making the international space

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station even more international and

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connecting

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space to village to better understand

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so

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imagine bread loaf-sized satellites

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zipping around the earth each day

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imaging the globe and providing updates

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on the environment thanks to the

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international space station this

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constellation of satellite image

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gathering has been made a reality with

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the mission of photographing the

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majority of the earth every day planet

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labs created small satellites

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individually referred to as doves to

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capture ground imagery for use in

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humanitarian environmental and

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commercial applications

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with the 2005 nasa authorization act

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designating the us segment of the

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station as a national laboratory the

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space station drives growth of a robust

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commercial marketplace in space through

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endeavors like planet labs

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the earth imaging mission of planet labs

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dove satellites takes another leap

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toward creating benefits on earth

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what happens if you wake up in the

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morning and you understand the state of

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the world as it is right now what could

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that data enable how can people make

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smarter decisions

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how could for example a farmer get

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better yield on his or her crops how

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could somebody help disaster response

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how can we use satellites to help

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humanity that in many ways was the

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underlying thesis of doing planet labs

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was to get data into the hands of people

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that could enable us to make smarter

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responses to that

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planet labs set out with the mission to

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photograph the entire earth

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every day

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and they thought how are we going to do

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this they said let's build our own

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satellite

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they're very large they are very

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expensive we took a different approach

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by making them really small we can

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launch lots of them and by launching

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lots of them we can cover this to get to

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this mission of imaging the whole earth

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every day if we can do that then we can

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literally change the way that we see the

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world and they called it the dove it's

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about the size of a loaf of bread our

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doves are basically mainly a big camera

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with a telescope looking down

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to take pictures of the earth we

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initially developed the first dove

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satellite in our garage so we kept on

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iterating the dove design we made it

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better and better and eventually we put

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our first one into space

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we had no idea what the quality would be

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like i mean we didn't know if it was

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going to work but we got an image down

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and it was so beautiful

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and that we we knew at that point we

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could make this technology work

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wow we can really do this and we can

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achieve this mission which is something

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that is really needed for us to

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understand global change so we had done

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a couple of demonstration satellites but

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the next steps we wanted to do was to

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scale it up to test

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the first fleets of satellites but what

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made that possible was actually access

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to space so here's the problem that in

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order to take pictures of the entire

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earth every day you're gonna need more

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than one or two satellites you're gonna

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need a whole lot of satellites and you

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need to be able to deploy them really

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fast and really there's only one obvious

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choice on how to deploy that and that's

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there was no other platform in the world

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in order to get access to space of of

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that fashion in that time period than

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the international space station nanomax

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is our key partner with nasa at

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nanoracks we understood plant lab's

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vision and we knew that we could help

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we worked together to figure out what

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was going to be the best way to get as

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many satellites as possible and we

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basically developed a new platform it

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goes out of the gym airlock

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it's picked up by a robotic arm pointed

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out in a space and it fires these little

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they were able to secure 28 of our

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satellites to be launched from the

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international space station and that was

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known as flock one our first

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constellation this opened up the whole

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world

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to uh satellite developers people that

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could put things into orbit fast

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we now deploy these on a regular basis

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from the international space station and

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now today we're able to operate the

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largest fleet of earth imaging

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satellites in human history and none of

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that would have been possible without

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the international space station

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enable young small companies like

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ourselves to get going in space

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the iss provides a lot of opportunities

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for commercial companies to test and

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find where the market in space is going

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to be

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and so what we're seeing today is a

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proliferation of new ideas and new

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concepts it's almost like it's a

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renaissance of what's happening in space

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buckle up and strap down because this is

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going to be a rocket for all of us in

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i used to think when i was

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growing up in florida lots of

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thunderstorms in florida you know that

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here's this this storm over top of me

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and it's just this individual little

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thing that just is about a storm over

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florida

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and in fact now after looking at the

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earth from space i see that that little

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storm in florida is connected to africa

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and europe and all across the planet and

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one of the most impressive things to see

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is how the earth presents itself as

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alive when you're watching these storms

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at night just

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trickle across

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the whole surface of the planet like its

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own nervous system

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and

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the emotions of the earth you know

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seeing

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storms that are developing and the way

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you know from having that experience on

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earth how it's probably impacting the

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people and the places down there it's

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like always you know is it upset and mad

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today versus the sunshine over some

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other part of the planet

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and really really really gets you

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looking at it in

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a different way an appreciative and

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respectful way

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when you're crossing the deserts in

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africa and the way the dunes form and

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they almost look like little you know

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birds have run across the sand and then

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this contrast you'll get from kind of

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the pinks and oranges and whites to

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these dark grays and almost deep blues

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and of rocks and everything that are are

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intersecting with it

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and the bahamas and the northern coast

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of venezuela which quite honestly is i

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think the most beautiful place

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on our planet it is

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well so far we've learned about using

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the iss as a platform for iserv which

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captures imagery of the earth to provide

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disaster assistance and deploying small

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satellites called doves we expect good

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things to come from both of these

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experiments and look forward to their

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robust potential

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nasa has selected proposals for two new

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future instruments getty and ecostress

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these sensors on the iss will give

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scientists new ways to observe how

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forests and ecosystems are affected by

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climate change

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our next piece is about a recently

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completed mission of an earth observing

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instrument on the iss called heiko its

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name stands for hyperspectral imager for

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carroll township's a very rural area in

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northern ohio right on lake erie lake

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erie has always been very important to

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carroll township and its residents we

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use it for drinking water we treat it

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and it and it's it's really our

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in lake erie

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for what for what unknown reason

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suddenly the toxin level spiked and that

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got through

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the treatment system

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it was indicated to me that it is pretty

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dangerous

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cyanotoxins can cause skin rashes

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headaches nausea vomiting stomach

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problems nervous system problems liver

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damage

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to death

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we sampled and we had about two and a

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half times the limit from the world

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health organization the second sample

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was approximately 3.5 times

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our plant wasn't set up to handle what

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was coming in from lake erie one of my

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biggest worries was actually hurting

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someone or

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even worse

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so we shut it off right away shut

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everything off we had a very close call

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that day

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the last thing you want to do is produce

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an unsafe water and allow your people to

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drink it

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what we need is a better way to track

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and predict these cyanobacteria entries

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from our source water so that we can

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a lot of times we'll find out after the

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fact that there's a problem with

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cyanobacteria in the water because the

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blooms already occurred

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we either get results of sick animals or

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sick people we need a paradigm shift we

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need to go from being constantly

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reactive to these blooms to having a

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capability that allows us to become

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proactive

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and the u.s environmental protection

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agency has been very encouraging of

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allowing for some high risk high reward

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projects

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and that allowed us to think outside the

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we've been fortunate enough to make use

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of a sensor on an international space

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station called heico which stands for

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the hyperspectral imager for the coastal

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ocean

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ico consists of two instruments

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one is a camera

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and the second instrument is a

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spectrophotometer which actually gives

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us the spectrum of light leaving that

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water the camera on a cell phone for

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example contains about three bands of

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data and a red channel a green channel

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and a blue channel

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hico gathers light from the red orange

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yellow green blue indigo and violent

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parts of the spectrum so using this

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technology

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we're able to now detect those water

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quality parameters such as water clarity

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what the phytoplankton concentration is

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in your water how much light is being

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absorbed in your water as well as what's

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the distribution of cyanobacteria in

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those waters and does that concentration

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pose a health hazard so what this means

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is instead of waiting for someone to

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report that there's a problem with

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cyanide bacteria bloom we can monitor

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these water bodies from space

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and get information that we can rapidly

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get out to the water quality managers

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through a small a smartphone application

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that we've developed

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so the app allows you to drop a pin

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point and that pin can be placed in an

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area where a drinking water treatment

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plant may have an intake and see what

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the current water quality conditions

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were each user gets that information

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near real time so they can make judgment

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calls on whether they have to respond or

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may take action having the hico on the

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international space station has been the

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ideal test bed for

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our research

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this is an amazing partnership

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the naval research laboratory had hico

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on nasa's international space station as

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hico acquired a scene it was transferred

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to the naval research laboratory and

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then the environmental protection agency

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was able to do the analysis and the

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validation

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to send this information out through a

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prototype mobile application

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yes this technology will reduce cost and

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provide near real-time information

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but the big goal here is protecting

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humans and if we can reduce exposures

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both to humans and even animals then

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our international space station is an

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unprecedented research platform in space

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allowing researchers and scientists to

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conduct experiments that can't be done

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anywhere else

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utilizing the iss as a ready-built

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platform for studying the earth is well

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underway so far we've learned about

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iserv planet labs dubs satellites and

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hico

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two more experiments or payloads in

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nasa's speak are on schedule to get to

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the iss later this year

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their sage iii and lightning imaging

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sensor

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sage iii will measure ozone and other

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gases in the upper atmosphere to help

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scientists assess the ozone layer and

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how it's recovering

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and that lightning imaging sensor will

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monitor global lightning for earth

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science studies and support operational

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weather forecasting and warning

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looks like utilizing the iss to further

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benefit all of humankind it's right on

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track

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thanks for joining us on station live at

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00:24:35,350 --> 00:24:33,760
our behind the scenes look at using the

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international space station as a

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platform for studying the earth

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00:24:41,190 --> 00:24:38,960
and be sure to follow us on facebook and

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00:24:42,950 --> 00:24:41,200
twitter for the latest research news and

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don't forget to download our straight up

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00:24:46,390 --> 00:24:45,200
gangsta app on your mobile device it's

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00:24:48,230 --> 00:24:46,400
totally legit